Protesters say the interim agreement, which aims to reduce tariffs and deepen economic ties with Washington, could open Indian markets to subsidized U.S. agricultural imports, putting pressure on local farmgate prices and rural incomes. Unions like the All India Trade Union Congress warned that cheap American farm produce could make it difficult for Indian producers to compete.

The actions extended into Parliament, where opposition lawmakers criticized Prime Minister Narendra Modi and demanded the government scrap the deal, using chants such as “Narendra Modi, surrender Modi” to condemn what they view as concessions harmful to domestic agriculture and industry.

Government officials have defended the interim trade pact, saying it will expand exports, attract investment and strengthen U.S. strategic ties. Indian Trade Minister Piyush Goyal has argued that key sectors—including farmers and dairy—are protected under the agreement, even as opponents remain unconvinced and allege broader negative impacts on the rural economy.