It's the third and final day of Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal's visit to the United States as both nations aim to finalise a trade deal.
Agriculture, dairy remain major sticking points in India-US trade talks

It’s the third and final day of Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal’s visit to the United States as both nations aim to finalise a trade deal.

Goyal has held meetings with Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer. Both nations are hoping for an “early harvest” deal, and India is aiming for a total exemption from the additional 26% tariff.

As India and the United States work to finalise a long-awaited trade deal during Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal’s ongoing visit to Washington, former Indian Ambassador to the WTO Jayant Dasgupta says agriculture and dairy remain the biggest hurdles.

“We will not allow the common products to come in,” he told CNBC-TV18, referring to US dairy imports. “It will be the sophisticated kinds of cheese and other items which do not have a very large market in India.”

Dasgupta noted that while India has made it clear it will not accept genetically modified (GM) crops, there could be some flexibility in other areas. “Non-GM products also, if certified, can be allowed,” he said. For items like corn and soya, however, tariffs are likely to stay, unless the US agrees to a tariff rate quota (TRQ), which permits a limited quantity to be imported at lower duties.

India is pushing for a “zero-for-zero” tariff exchange under the interim deal, seeking complete tariff elimination on both sides. However, the US is reportedly insisting on retaining a 10% duty on Indian goods. Dasgupta said this could still work in India’s favour, depending on how tariffs on competing countries are structured. “If those tariffs are not going to come down for China, Vietnam, and others, then even 10% will be advantageous for India.”

He also highlighted that India has proposed a three-stage approach to the trade pact. The first is an interim agreement before July 8. The second phase, expected around October 2025, will cover 19 additional sectors. The final stage would require approval from the US Congress, particularly if tariff reductions are to return to pre-Trump levels.

However Dasgupta believes a complete rollback of Trump-era tariffs is unlikely in the near term. “Maybe these tariffs will get reduced, but they will not come down to the pre-Trump tariff regime,” he said.

Commerce Minister Goyal has already held high-level meetings with US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer. Both sides are aiming to announce an “early harvest” deal, but as Dasgupta’s comments underline, sensitive sectors like agriculture and dairy will need careful handling before a full agreement can be reached.

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